Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling. The analysis of the stress responses is important in the selection of plants. Abstract grain yield of wheat in pakistan is low as it is severely affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, improving the tolerance of wheat to drought stress through adaptive strategies is important to ensure food security. Heat stress is a function of the magnitude and rate of temperature increase, as well as the duration of exposure to the raised temperature wahid et al. Wheat has physiological mechanisms that enable them to adapt drought stress and this adaptation may vary among different genotypes. Australian wheat belt, particularly southern australia. Drought stress negatively affect yield per plant and number of grains per spike, as drought stress increased from t1 to t4, the ypp and ngps decreased. In our study we investigate the drought and aluminum stress responses in wheat triticum aestivum l. Different stress responsive strategies to drought and heat in. Drought effects on the water relations of four wheat triticum aestivum l. The plant cuticle is the outermost layer covering aerial tissues and is composed of cutin and waxes. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress.
In the major wheat growing region of the world, wheat growth, yield and quality are affected by salinity. Heat stress at sensitive growth stages such as flowering and grain filling has been shown to adversely affect grain yield and is common across much of the. Afzal arain nuclear institute of agriculture nia, tando jam, sindh, pakistan. Physiological derivations of drought tolerance in wheat. Yield of wheat varieties were considerably decreased when they were allowed to grow in minimum annual rainfall regions 20. Yield traits that breeders have used for assessing drought stress on wheat or barley plants include seedling vigor, plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, root architectural traits, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain yield per spike, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. In the present study we aimed to improve wheat growth under drought stress conditions through priming. The effects of drought stress on yield, yield components, and yield.
Managing heat stress in wheat mallee sustainable farming. Indian journal of biotechnology vol 14, october 2015, pp 445454 current research status and future challenges to wheat production in india sapna grewal and sonia goel. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria dietzia natronolimnaea modulates the expression of stress responsive genes providing protection of wheat from salinity stress. Genetic relationships among durum and ommon c wheat.
Assessment of grain yield indices in response to drought stress in. The effects of cadmium cd stress on wheat growth, leaf photon energy conversion, gas exchange, and cd accumulation in wheat seedlings were investigated. Drought stress reduced the net leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate and leaf water potential 19. Global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of wheat. Drought tolerance studies in wheat 5 column of water that exists from the root hairs to the leaf mesophyll. Ashraf et al, 1994 also reported that drought stress will reduce concentration of chlorophyll b more than chlorophyll a. The mean number of days to heading for irrigated, drought and heat stress condition was 78.
Nitrogen fertility influence on water stress and yield of winter wheat d. Mechanism of drought tolerance avoiding drought is an extremely important adaptation for survival in a water limiting environment. The optimum temperature for all physiochemical processes of wheat from vegetative to reproductive stage is 20c or lower. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheattriticum. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley 147 stress increased. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late embryogenesis abundant lea, responsive. We have investigated the effects of water stress on few established winter wheat triticum aestivum. Nitrogen and water stress affect winter wheat yield and dough. However it is reported that proline content in resistant wheat cultivars.
Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity worldwide. For the first time, accumulation of proline in plant tissues that have missed water was reported in 1954 pessarkli, 1999. Identified genetic variability in wild wheat germplasm aegilops species, and synthetic wheat in response to high temperature and drought stress and identified accessions that can be used in the breeding programs to improve high temperature and drought tolerance in wheat pradhan et al. Under salinity condition there was no cultivar differences in wheat to wue, if the plants were given sufficient water in wheat shaheen and hoodnowotny, 2005. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water. According to ur results we can make the following conclusions. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling. Durum wheat often faces water scarcity and high temperatures, two events that usually occur simultaneously in the fields. Water stress is the major environmental stresses that affect agricultural production worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The growth inhibition under pb stress was similar to that previously reported by mesmar and jaber 1991 in wheat and lentils. Development of droughttolerant transgenic wheat mdpi. Here we report on the stress responsive strategy of two durum wheat cultivars, characterized by different water use efficiency, subjected to drought, heat and a combination of both stresses. Abiotic stress conditions are the main limiting factors for crop cultivation around the world. Initial heat shock protein profile has been outlined via sds electrophoresis of leaf.
High temperature stress is a major environmental constraint limiting wheat productivity in many parts of the world. The impact of salt stress under different salinity level 0,25,50,75,100,125,150 mm nacl on five varieties of wheat viz. In nebraska, about 75% of the wheat production is in the western half of the state, and about 92% of the winter wheat acreage is in dryland production, where productivity is limited by low andor uncertain rainfall. Among the environmental stresses, drought is one of the most. Current research status and future challenges to wheat. Impact of heat and drought stress on arable crop production. Many wheat models simulated the observed anthesis and. The effect of salinity on plants may cause disturbances in plant metabolism eltayeb, 2005. The objective of this field study was to determine. It has been recognized that decrease in yield and yield components under drought stress is a key concern in developing countries of the world 24. Gaining an understanding of the effects of heat stress on wheat, the economic impacts and understanding varietal responses to heat are the primary objectives of this sagit funded project.
Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases. Drought stress tolerance is a complex trait, and although a large number of genes involved in plant drought stress responses has been identified, large gaps still remain. Effect of salinity on grain yield and quality of wheat and. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat triticum durum desf. Effect of water stress on growth and water use efficiency. Comparing the effects of osmotic stress in seedling stage with dought stress in the grain filling period and the charactherisation of drought resistance and sensitivity of wheat genotypes by physiological parameters are important objects of wheat breeding. This puts india at the second position among the wheat producing countries. The mean number of days to maturity for irrigated, drought and heat stress condition was 115. Pdf effect of drought stress on different physiological. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Th e characteristics of overley are available in fritz et al. Water use efficiency was found to be varying with genotypic differences in groundnut sankar et al. Evaluating physiological traits of drought and heat tolerance.
Total area under wheat cultivation is nearly 26 m ha, of which 24. This research investigated the effect of water deficit on wheat cultivars algaimi, sindy1, sindy2, and habahmar grown in the kingdom of saudi arabia. The data showed that different level of salinity significantly affected the growth attributes by reducing root and shoot length. Numerous studies have reported that stem reserve mobilisation capacity is related to yield under dehydration stress in wheat. Three cultivars were chosen with respect to heat tolerance. Jan 29, 2011 the influence of combined and individually applied drought and heat stress was studied in two wheat triticum aestivum l.
Crops demonstrate various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to tackle drought stress. Kaya department of field crops, faculty of agriculture, bingol university, bingol, turkey bahri dagdas international agricultural research institute, konya, turkey corresponding author. Salinity induced oxidative stress could be a reason for germination. Effect of high temperature stress on grain yield and yield.
Effects of drought stress in laboratory experiment were induced by polyethylene glycol peg 0, 15 and 25%, with three replicates and applied on germination of wheat genotypes seeds. Some of the attributes of grain yield and drought tolerance indices were. The influence of combined and individually applied drought and heat stress was studied in two wheat triticum aestivum l. Similar phenomena were also described in plantago major kosobrukhov et al. Wheat is an important crop, with some cultivars tolerant to water stress. Effects of drought stress condition on the yield of spring wheat triticum aestivum lines data pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 1080 july 20 with 1,079 reads. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling periods. Halvorson abstract available soil water and n fertility are the primary factors limiting dryland winter wheat triticum aestivum l. Studies to improve wheat for high temperature stress areas. Growing season precipitation for 1988, 1990, and 83year month 1988 1990 83yr average average at akron, co.
Evaluation of wheat genotypes under irrigated, heat stress. Lavett genotype 1, selected for temperate growing conditions and two cimmyt cultivars, ciano79 genotype 2 and attila genotype 3, respectively heat sensitive and heat tolerant varieties for warm environments. Effect of high temperature stress on grain yield and yield components of wheat triticum aestivum l. Effect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat. Institute of postgraduate studies in agriculture, gazipur1703, bangladesh received july 16, 1998. Wild barley genotypes that came from areas with low water availability had greater osmotic adjustment capacity and greater response to drought stress 11.
Here, we present a study investigating the effect of heat stress on wheat production in 20. Observed grain yields declined from about 8tha1 when t mean was 15 c to zero when t mean was 28 c fig. The impact of drought on wheat leaf cuticle properties bmc. Physiological responses include closure of stomata, decrease in the activity of photosynthesis, development of oxidative stress, alteration in the integrity of cell wall, production of metabolites which are toxic and cause plants death, signal recognition of roots, turgor loss and adjustment of osmosis, reduction in water. Wheat cultivars th e hard red winter wheat overley and hard white winter wheat alice were planted at 4. Evaluating wheat genotypes using different stress tolerance indices 49 cercetari agronomice in moldova vol. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of. The effects of abiotic stresses drought and aluminium stress. Relative water content decreased and electrolyte leakage increased due to individual and combined application of both stresses. Drought is an important abiotic stress factor which significantly reduces sustainable crop production.
Nov 21, 2009 seedlings of wheat triticum aestivum l. Heat stress effects on grain dry mass and quality were studied in spring wheat genotypes triticum aestivum l. Pdf effects of drought stress condition on the yield of. However, there is demand to increase area under wheat to make country food secure. Pdf control of drought stress in wheat using plantgrowth. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late. However, plant physiologists are generally more interested in plants that are able to. Winter wheatnitrogen fertility, water stress, yield 1067 table 1. The cuticle plays an important role in protection from environmental stresses and glaucousness, the bluishwhite colouration of plant surfaces associated with cuticular waxes, has been suggested as a contributing factor in crop drought tolerance. Salinity is a big constraint to crop quality and production. Australian grain technologies agt, roseworthy campus, sa. Pdf plants face various kinds of stresses in the changing environment. Najla t urki1, moncef h arrabi2 and kazutoshi okuno1 abstract.
Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases muhammad farooq,1,2 helen bramley,1 jairo a. Water stress has a considerable impact on the ecosystem and agriculture. Heat stress can have significant effects on grain yield and productivity, with potential losses equal to and potentially greater than other abiotic stress such as drought and frost. This study was performed to investigate the physiological responses in twelve wheat genotypes under drought stress to identify drought tolerant genotypes. Heat stress is a key abiotic stress affecting crop and cereal production in all regions of the australian wheat belt. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of water stress on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and accumulations of proline, betaine and carbohydrates of wheat seedlings, by using peg simulated water stress. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. Siddique1 1the uwa institute of agriculture, the university of western australia, 35 stirling highway, crawley wa 6009, australia 5 2department of agronomy, university of agriculture, faisalabad38040, pakistan. Finding of suitable phenotypes is further complicated by exposure of plants to multiple environmental stressors in the field either simultaneously or sequentially. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the. In rice, a few studies also indicated that this mechanism maintains grain yield under dehydration stress at the grain filling stage. Pdf drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain.
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